Back to the Stone Age
November 1994
The head flight attendant had given us the customary briefing before takeoff. It was
obvious that her first language was not English. I couldn't help but feel a sense of
excitement as the powerful engines on the 757 pushed me back in the seat.
We were a cosmopolitan bunch. Experience (and numerous Goofy hats) told me that
some on board had been to Disney World. Others, apparently from the upper
socioeconomic end, had probably come to the land of malls and shopping extravaganzas
to update their wardrobes. But there were also some who had the coarse hair and
weathered skin of the mestizo, those born from the mingling of Spanish conquistadores
and descendants of the Inca Empire they conquered.
BACK TO THE STONE AGE
I love to fly, but not back where I was sitting. I like the front left seat, where I can
select my destination through the smallest manipulations of the controls. My stomach
goes queasy every time a pilot I don't know-with my life in his hands-pulls back the
power levers and we begin to decelerate while still pointed up at an alarming angle. In the
small aircraft I fly, reducing power with the nose pointed at the sky is an invitation to
stall and spin.
But my mind was on other things this night. I tilted the seat back and closed my eyes.
On the other end of this flight I would spend a short night in the Andes Mountains. I
hoped I would not get that crazy, suffocating sensation that had kept me awake in Quito's
thin atmosphere on recent visits. Years before, when I lived and went to school almost
ten thousand feet up in the mountains, I could play a full game of basketball and feel fine.
Now, twenty-five years later, I had begun to understand what tourists complain about: "I
can't catch my breath" or "I wake up gasping for air."
If they have Aunt Rachel's body ready, I should be on my way down to the jungle
early the next morning, I thought.
Just the day before, I had been sitting at home after a long day of the same old, same
old-driving around, talking on the cell phone, haggling over a few cents now that could
make a difference of thousands of dollars down the road-the usual knockdown, drag-out
life of a businessman. When the phone rang, I almost didn't answer. At home, Ginny
answers the phone. She is a lot nicer to telemarketers, and after a day with my hand to my
ear, I didn't want to talk into a machine anymore.
We had been expecting the call, but I still was not ready for it. "Hi, is this Steve?" I
could tell the voice on the other end was calling from outside the United States. "I'm
sorry to have to tell you that your aunt Rachel died this afternoon. I think it would be
good if someone from the family could come down. Remember, down here we have to
bury within twenty-four hours. I can ask the doctor if he can do some embalming, but that
will only buy us a few hours. If we take too long, the authorities will make us bury her in
Quito."
Aunt Rachel had been in Quito to receive treatments for cancer. But I knew she had
wanted to be buried at home in the jungle, with the people she loved-the Waodani.
Mom and my stepdad, Abe, were out of town. I knew they wouldn't be able to get down
to Ecuador in time. I would have to represent the family and help bury "Star," as the
people there called her.
As we cruised high over Cuba, I wondered how to best get my dear old aunt's body
down to the jungle. And I contemplated how I could keep the Waodani who had loved
her from being overwhelmed by "outsiders" wanting to get in on this historic event.
I woke up to the same voice that had put me to sleep: "Pleeze fosten yur-e seat bels
fur ourr londing in Quito." Now I was glad I wasn't sitting in the left front seat. Quito lies
in a tight valley rimmed by Andean mountain peaks. The city spreads right to the runway
threshold, and on this night there was a heavy fog hanging over the valley floor. If we
couldn't make a landing on our first couple of tries, we would have to divert to the coast
and spend the night in Guayaquil, and I would almost certainly miss the reason for which
I was coming. But thankfully, we made it.
By the time I got to the Quito airport early the next morning, Aunt Rachel's body,
wrapped in sheets, was already lying on the floor of the Cessna bush plane that would
take us home. I took the seat beside her body. As we flew down the Avenue of the
Volcanoes, regal snowcapped peaks rose above our flight altitude and disappeared into
the overcast sky above us. Normally, we would have made a fuel stop on the edge of the
great Amazon rain forest, but we were in a hurry. I heard our pilot request that another
plane deliver the casket and bring extra fuel for him. I watched as we flew over the little
town where I had spent my most formative years. Aunt Rachel had been a big part of
those years. I felt a yearning to tell her just once more how much I loved her and
respected her willingness to risk everything for what she believed. She was the most
humble, but also the most stubborn, person I had ever known. Without the humility, she
never would have been willing to live in a thatched hut in the middle of nowhere.
Without the stubbornness, she never could have survived the violent cultural chaos that
characterized life among the Waodani, known to the outside world as "Aucas"-savages.
Without her, it is possible that there would have been no one left to welcome us at our
destination.
The Waodani heard the plane coming and were standing by the short gravel-and-grass
strip when we landed. The makeshift runway was surrounded on all sides by a sea of
dense jungle. Dayumae, Aunt Rachel's closest living "relative" in the tribe, was the first
one I saw after I opened the plane door. She greeted me and then saw what was left of the cowodi-foreigner-she had adopted as her sister more than four decades before. Her
reaction was chilling. She began to wail, taking me by surprise. The Waodani, her own people,
don't do that. But Dayumae had spent fifteen years living with the Quechua, a neighboring tribe,
and had adopted much of their culture. Their death wail is a dark window into the excruciating
agony of a human soul that has little control over its own destiny. The rest of the group
retreated from Dayumae's grief.
Finally, the pilot and a couple of Waodani and I unwrapped Aunt Rachel's shroud
and lifted her body from the plane into the simple plywood box that would serve as her
coffin. It seemed appropriate for this old Saint who had never worried about luxuries or
her own comfort. Its rustic simplicity matched her house, which sat just a hundred yards
down the trail. We carried her there for final preparations.
No one had thought to tie Aunt Rachel's mouth shut before rigor mortis set in. So the
doctor had tied a head scarf around her head and under her chin to keep it closed. The
Waodani women surrounded the coffin to get a last glimpse of this woman who had
become as much one of them as her ruddy complexion and white skin would allow.
Immediately, they began an animated discussion. They spoke much too rapidly for me to
catch the details of what they were saying, but it was clear that they were not pleased
with the doctor's choice of scarf. They untied it to find a replacement, but when they did,
Aunt Rachel's mouth opened just as though she were going to speak. A gasp ran through
the crowd, and they instinctively recoiled. But not even mismatched accessories were
going to bring Star's eighty-two-year-old, cancer-ravaged body back to life.
I retied Aunt Rachel's mouth shut with the piece of bright cloth that the Waodani
women finally settled on. We carried her body over to the rustic little church just a few
feet away. I was surprised to see that there were quite a few foreigners mixed in with the
Waodani. But these were Aunt Rachel's close colleagues and friends, who had made
flights for her, kept her two-way radio working, and helped her help the Waodani. I could
not object to their presence, although I did ask them to let the Waodani bury Star their
own way.
The Waodani, however, have no chief or other recognized authority. Over the past
forty years, they had become accustomed to giving decision-making power to the cowodi,
who can fly and make little metal boxes talk, who have little seeds that make diseases go
away, and who perform a myriad of other unimaginable feats. I realized they were
waiting for one of the foreigners to take charge. I stepped in.
I handed a nail for the coffin lid to each of the people who constituted Star's closest
family.
Brave, impetuous Dayumae had adopted Star and given her the name of her young
sister, Nemo, who had been hacked to pieces in a spearing raid when she and Dayumae
were just girls. It was because of Dayumae that the tribe had invited Aunt Rachel to live
with them, along with Elisabeth Elliot, whose husband, Jim, had also been speared when
my dad was killed. Aunt Rachel and "Aunt" Betty were the first outsiders ever to receive
such an invitation.
I also handed nails to handsome Kimo and nubile Dawa, the first ones to believe what
Aunt Rachel and Dayumae taught them about a new way to live, a way without hating
and killing. Kimo had taken a big risk in building a house for Aunt Rachel. Others in the
tribe had been displeased and told him it would be his grave.
I gave a nail to Mincaye, who didn't take well to allowing foreigners in Waodani
territory. He had threatened to spear Aunt Rachel and Aunt Betty. Then one day,
Mincaye mysteriously had a change of heart and told Aunt Rachel that he had decided to
follow God's trail. After that, Mincaye became jovial and almost happy-go-lucky.
Old Dyuwi also received a nail. When Dayumae had first returned from the outside
world with the two foreigners, he was already a seasoned killer at age twenty. But he
went from hating and killing to peacemaking almost instantaneously.
I kept the last nail for myself.
Just before we carried Star out to the hole that had been dug between her house and
the little tin-roofed church with chicken-wire windows and chainsawed boards, Kimo
offered an impromptu eulogy.
"Waengongi Taado ante odomoncaete ante Nemo pongantapa"-Teaching us to walk
God's trail, Star came.
Aunt Rachel was large by Waodani standards and had grown stouter as she aged.
When we reached the burial site, several of the Waodani men jumped into the grave to
help lower her coffin. I was moved to see the care and almost reverence with which they
handled the old shell that had been so precious to those of us gathered in that little
clearing. This was the second member of my family to be buried here.
Dyuwi missed the signal to jump out of the grave and found himself alone, under the
coffin, as it was lowered the last couple of feet. In desperation, he struggled to extricate
himself. In doing so, he tipped the coffin, and we all stood horrified as we heard Aunt
Rachel's body roll to the side. With all the weight on one side, the box fell to the bottom
of the grave with a thud. No one moved.
I could almost hear Aunt Rachel giving instructions, with Dayumae passionately
countermanding them. At first, we reacted like schoolkids whom the teacher had caught
cheating. Were we in trouble again? But I could tell that Mincaye was trying to keep
from bursting out laughing. Finally he let out a little involuntary snort, and we all broke
up. Even Star would have enjoyed the irony of her mourners laughing at her interment.
Strange circumstances, combined with providence, had led this silver-haired old woman
to spend half of her long life in the wilds of the Amazon jungle with an egalitarian and
once violent Stone Age people. Aunt Rachel's mother had been a daughter of wealth,
growing up with luxury and pampering. Her father was a well-known stained-glass artist.
Rachel was Lawrence and Katherine Saint's third of eight children and only daughter.
Because her mother was frail, Rachel became something of a second mother to her
younger brothers, including my dad, Nate.
As a young girl, Rachel caught the attention of a wealthy Philadelphia widow who
had no children of her own. That woman lavished Rachel with the accoutrements of
prosperity that Katherine had rejected but her daughter had never tasted. Coming home
from a summer in Europe-as was the custom of the old moneyed families in New England-the
wealthy dowager informed a teenage Rachel that she had decided to make Rachel her
heiress.
Such an inheritance would have ensured the care her mother so desperately needed
for tuberculosis, fine educations for her brothers, and the opportunity for Rachel to be the
financial protector and provider for the family she already nurtured. But Rachel refused
the offer because it would require her to be a companion to her wealthy benefactress until
her death. "I have already made a prior commitment to do whatever God wants with my
life," she told the woman. "I cannot make any commitment that might cause me to
compromise what I have promised to God."
Unaccustomed to rejection of any kind, the wealthy mistress scolded Rachel harshly
for her lack of gratitude and her idealism. She summarily cut off any hope of help for
Rachel and her family. "You will not receive a cent from me, you ungrateful girl," she
informed Rachel; and she meant it. When she died years later, she had her executor send
Rachel a set of inexpensive cuff links. "It was the only cheap possession she owned,"
Aunt Rachel told me.
Feeling rejected, and uncertain about what her family would think of her hasty but
principled response, Rachel sought privacy in the bow of the passenger liner on which
they were voyaging home. In the mid-Atlantic she poured out her heart to the One to
whom she had betrothed herself emotionally and spiritually.
"This never happened to me before or since," she told me on one of my extended
visits with her in the jungle, "but while I was in the bow of that ship, I had a vision of a
dark-skinned tribe of people who had never heard that the Lord Jesus loved them. And
God promised me that if I continued to be faithful to Him, He would one day allow me
the privilege of being the one to take His precious Word of love and peace to them."
She went on to finish high school and then spent the next twelve years working in a
Christian center for drug and alcohol addicts. The family needed help financially if her
brothers were to get adequate educations. She was content that when her responsibility to
them was satisfied, God would keep His promise to her.
Although Rachel was past the normal age limit, Wycliffe Bible Translators accepted
her as a translator candidate and sent her to Peru to temporarily replace a translator who
had been working with a head-hunting tribe there. On the way, she stopped in Ecuador to
visit my parents, Nate and Marj, who were missionaries there. Dad flew her to several
jungle stations, carefully skirting "Auca" territory in the process. Rachel was keenly
observant and asked why Dad avoided flying over that area.
"That part of the jungle is inhabited by people who have killed everyone from the
outside world who has ventured inside their borders," Dad explained. "If we had a forced
landing there, we might survive the crash, but we would not survive the 'Aucas.'"
"As soon as Nate told me that, I knew that they were the very ones God had promised
to let me take His Good News to," Aunt Rachel told me. She never wavered in her
confidence, even when tragedy struck several years later and the "Aucas" speared the
little brother she loved like a son. I watched as the Waodani filled the grave. Kimo
and Dyuwi were watching me.
I had been near this spot years before. Kimo and Dyuwi had been watching me then,
too. I was only fourteen. Of course, there was no village and no airstrip back then. We
had trekked over from the next valley to the south with a group of Waodani.
My sister, Kathy, had decided she wanted to be baptized. Because our own dad was
dead and could not do it, Mom suggested that Kathy choose a couple of men who had
influenced her life spiritually. Only two years younger, I decided it was time for me to
take this step too.
I understood that baptism was a symbolic, though important, gesture that signified my
determination to live by a standard that Itota, the Creator's Son, had established for His
followers. My hunting buddy, Iniwa, and Oncaye, a Waodani girl about Kathy's age, said
they wanted to be baptized as well.
Mom had always wanted to see where my dad and his four friends had been killed, so
she and Aunt Rachel decided to do so on this trip. We would trek over to the Ewenguno
River to visit Dad's grave for the first time in the nine years he had been gone. And we
would be baptized there.
(Continues.)